Biography Steve Jobs free essay sample

His organic mother was an unwed alumni understudy (and his natural dad is supposed to be a political theory or science educator, possibly of Middle-Western plummet - yet this has never been affirmed). Thinking back to the 50s, it was unconceivable for such a young lady to bring up a youngster all alone, so she chose to put her little infant kid up for selection. Be that as it may, she demanded that the new parents must be school graduates, much the same as she was This was not the situation of Paul and Clara Jobs, yet Steve? organic mother at long last yielded to let them her kid after they guaranteed he would be sent to school. Paul Jobs was a midwestern rancher? s child who had settled in the Bay Area after his war administration in the USCG and wedded Clara in 1946. The couple chose to name their embraced youngster Steven Paul Jobs. Steve? s more youthful sister, Patty, was embraced 3 years after the fact. Youth Teenage years Steve was exhausted in school. By his own words: I was quite exhausted in school and transformed into a little fear (Playboy Interview with David Sheff, February 1985) But this would before long change because of his fourth grade instructor, Imogene â€Å"Teddy† Hill. Steve would later say about her: She was one of the holy people of my life. She encouraged a propelled fourth grade class, and it took her about a month to get hip to my circumstance. She paid off me into learning. † His aptitudes turned out to be obvious to such an extent that the school permitted him to avoid fifth grade and go directly to center school. The issue was, the Crittenden center school was not a pleasant spot to be near. Steve, who felt abandoned in the encompassing mayhem, demanded that his folks moved him to another school the following year, else he would decline to go to class out and out. The 11-year old? s keen guardians bowed and moved to Los Altos in 1967, so that Steve could go to the a lot cozier Cupertino Junior High School. This move is significant in light of the fact that the city of Los Altos, just as the neighboring towns of Cupertino and Sunnyvale, separated themselves by the extraordinary number of specialists carports they facilitated. A little history here. In 1957, the dispatch of Sputnik I by the Soviet Union hurried the US into what might later be known as the space race. Government cash was poured in the developing hardware industry which can generally be followed back to the innovation of the transistor for which William Shockley (just as Walter Brattain and John Bardeen) got the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1956. For some odd reason, Shockley set up the Shock-ley Semiconductor organization in the Santa Clara County, 30 miles south of San Francisco, consequently making it the world focus of gadgets research. The zone was before long loaded up with designers and youthful organizations began to show up in their carports. Such was the situation of Hewlett-Packard. HP engineers assumed a significant job in Steve? s life, as they were the ones who acquainted the adolescent with the universe of gadgets. This would turn into his #1 side interest as he would enter Homestead High the next year. At Homestead, he went to his first gadgets class and become friends with Bill Fernandez, who shared his energy for hardware. Fernandez happened to realize a hardware marvel, 5 years more established than Steve Jobs, whose name was Steve Wozniak, however that everyone called â€Å"Woz†. 14-year old Steven Paul Jobs Bill Fernandez and Woz, notwithstanding their disparities old enough, had reinforced together in light of the fact that they were taking a shot at a venture of building their own PC with save hardware parts, which they called the â€Å"flair pen cream soft drink computer†. They were so acceptable at it that a nearby columnist from the San Jose Mercury News came to Bill? s carport to talk with them. Anyway, Steve looked into the task and Bill presented the 14-year-old Steve to his 18-year-old companion. In spite of the fact that they met in 1969, a genuine kinship among Steve and Woz began building up a few years after the fact, when Woz turned into an enowned figure in the little universe of â€Å"phone phreaks†. These were a base type of programmers who had discovered an approach to trick ATT? s significant distance exchanging hardware, in this way giving an approach to make worldwide calls for nothing. The equipment they used to do so was known as â€Å"blue boxes†. Woz? s blue boxes were the best ones around, and it interested 17-year-old Steve. He before long persuaded his companion they should sell the containers, and they did as such for a couple of months (the cost changing structure $150 to $300) before it began to turn out to be too unlawful to be in any way protected. 19-year old Steve Jobs A blue box After Steve completed secondary school, his folks, consistent with their words, requested that he pick a school. Steve picked Reed College in Oregon Paul and Clara were frightened: albeit an eminent human sciences school, Reed was exceptionally a long way from home, and one of the most costly organization in America. However, Steve declining to go anyplace else, the entirety of their reserve funds were spent in his educational cost. Following a couple of months spent at Reed, youthful Steve gave off an impression of being considerably more inspired by the disposal of bodily fluid and the way to a higher mindfulness through Eastern supernatural quality than his Physics English Literature classes. His evaluations were very poor. Here? s the thing he said about it somewhere in the range of 32 years after the fact: After a half year, I couldnt see the incentive in it. I had no clue about what I needed to do with my life and no thought how school was going to assist me with making sense of it. What's more, here I was going through the entirety of the cash my folks had spared as long as they can remember. So I chose to drop out and believe that it would all turn out to be OK. It was entirely alarming at that point, however thinking back it was probably the best choice I at any point made. The moment I dropped out I could quit taking the necessary classes that didnt intrigue me, and start dropping in on the ones that looked fascinating. It wasnt all sentimental. I didnt have an apartment, so I dozed on the floor in companions rooms, I returned coke bottles for the 5? stores to purchase food with, and I would walk the 7 miles across town each Sunday night to get one great dinner seven days at the Hare Krishna sanctuary. I adored it. (Stanford Commencent Adresss, 12 June 2005) Steve continued sticking around Reed grounds the next year too, and it wasn? t before 1974 that he landed his first position at a youthful computer game organization called Atari. He was employed regardless of his disregarded look and awful stench on the grounds that Atari was developing quick and be-ause it was Silicon Valley, however, inevitably, he was just permitted to work around evening time so he wouldn? t trouble his kindred partners. At some point, he came to see his supervisor at Atari, Al Alcorn, and approached him for cash to go make a profound excursion in India. Alcorn concurred (just in return of a touch of overhauling work for him to do in Germany). So in the late spring of 1974, Steve left with probably the closest companion from Reed, Dan Kottke. In any case, following a month spent amidst destitution, visiting many masters without finding any otherworldly edification, Steve and Dan? s assessment about the quest for truth had changed a lot. We weren? t going to discover a spot where we could go for a month to be edified. It was one of the primary occasions that I began to understand that possibly thomas Edison did much more to improve the world than Karl Marx and Neem Kairolie Baba set up. † (cited in Michael Moritzs The Little Kingdom) After his arrival from India, Steve began working for Atari again and restored his enthusiasm for gadgets (which didn't keep him from frequenting the Los Altos Zen Center and investing energy in the All-One Farm in Oregon where his flower child companions from Reed lived). He began to be increasingly more keen on Woz? progress on another PC structure. Apple’s first years Indeed, at that point, Woz was beginning to turn into a regarded individual from the Homebrew Computer club, a PC specialist bunch that had a place with the â€Å"Free University Movement†. The club, whose ubiquity was quickly expanding, accumulated two times every week at the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center assembly hall. Its individuals were generally energetic specialists who came to flaunt their most recent accomplishment and offer tips and data about PC packs, programming language and the structure of what, all things considered, would before long be considered as the principal PCs. Steve? s own enthusiasm for PC configuration was constrained, however he immediately comprehended that his companion? s current venture was an astonishing accomplishment of designing. He began to get include and following a couple of months, he persuaded Woz to establish an organization to offer his PC to different specialists. He had comprehended that there were many programming specialist out there, who, not at all like Woz, were not keen on building a machine, but instead in utilizing it for programming. Along these lines, on April 1, 1976, Apple was conceived. The name â€Å"Apple Computer† was picked in light of the fact that they hadn? t discovered anything better and in light of the fact that it was Steve? most loved food at that point (he was a fruitarian). Occupations and Wozniak got each a portion of 45% while the staying 10% went to Ron Wayne, an Atari engineer who had given a hand to the pair. The first capital was very humble: Steve had thought of $500 by selling his Volkswagen while Woz had brought another $500 by selling his HP number cruncher. Stephen Wozniak and Steve Jobs in 1976 While the acquaintance of the Apple I with the Homebrew Computer Club went for all intents and purposes unnoticed, Apple Computer made its first deal half a month later: Paul Terrel, who has recently established another chain of PC stores called the Byte shop, needed to purchase apples. He said he would purchase 50 of them at $500 each, money down. That was worth $25000! â€Å"Nothing in the resulting years was so incredible thus unexpected† Wozniak said as he reviewed the occasion. While the primary Apples were made of only a circuit board, which wasn? t precisely the possibility that Terrel had of a PC, the accompanying models, which were completely collected in Apple? s first central command, the Jobses? renowned carport, were conveyed in a wooden box as followed: An Apple I PC Apples first logo, structured by

Discuss attitudes to love + marriage in Pride and Prejudice essays

Talk about perspectives to adore + marriage in Pride and Prejudice articles Set in late eighteenth Century Regency England, Pride and Prejudice is the representation of the battles of ladies finding the inescapable spouse and of a general public that puts stock in male predominance. Through Elizabeth Bennets enthusiastic knowledge and want in finding a man she really cherishes there is the difference of her closest companion, Charlotte Lucas wedding for accommodation. Austen delineates the perspectives on adoration and marriage in a period that marriage to a noble man of riches was the objective of most womens lives: A ladys creative mind is extremely quick; it bounces from esteem to cherish, from affection to marriage in a second. We can see the significance of marriage from the beginning of the novel, Its impact over the characters and occasions of the novel is indicated in the amusing opening sentence: It is a fact generally recognized, that a solitary man possessing a favorable luck, must be in need of a spouse. Through Pride and Prejudice, Jane Austen depicts the familiar ways of thinking about marriage at that point. She does this through her utilization of characters and their individual perspectives on marriage and love. Societys perspective on marriage is apparent through the numerous characters who express fiscal perspectives on the consecrated organization. She utilizes Elizabeth Bennet to show the differentiation between marriage for adoration and marriage of the period. Elizabeth Bennets sees were a lot of ignored around then. Jane Austen utilizes this differentiation to show joy is all the more regularly found in Elizabeth Bennets optimistic perspectives than in taking a risk with a man of favorable luck. Elizabeth Bennets hopeful perspectives are that she needs to wed for adoration. Numerous young ladies may feel correspondingly to Elizabeth Bennet however in the sequential atmosphere of the hour of Pride and Prejudice, if a decent marriage was offered she would acknowledge. For instance, Charlotte Lucas. Charlotte Lucas is the oldest youngster ... <!

Three Guineas Essay Example

Three Guineas Paper ‘Three Guineas’ by Virginia Woolf and ‘Testament of Youth’ by Vera Brittain Virginia Woolf and Vera Brittain are women's activist authors who restricted war and military activity battling for worldwide harmony and bliss. Their works reflect hostile to war thoughts, perspectives and conceivable answer for the issues, and claim to perusers however distinctive pictures and passionate portrayal. Proposition On the other hand, Woolf and Brittain concur that instruction of ladies is the fundamental wellspring of protection from war; then again, they contrast in their perspectives on women’s job in global associations and their political job as hostile to war specialists. Pacifism is the fundamental topic which runs however the two works. During World War I, an extraordinary manly perfect of the brave battle prepared loyalist, arranged not exclusively to murder however incredible his nation, held influence in the brains of numerous youngsters and in the populace everywhere, notwithstanding pockets of protection from this view. ‘Three Guineas’ is composed as a progression of letters committed to various war issues and policy driven issues. Woolf recommends ways and techniques on the most proficient method to forestall war and compose ladies in a solid political development. She clarifies that women's liberation is a solid power which could assist with halting military activities and contradict viciousness. She expresses that the individuals who volunteer and by far most of the individuals who are drafted are prepared in military camps to acknowledge a warmonger ethos that hold that force and status drop by repressing and controlling others. ‘Testament of Youth’ is a personal work of Vera Brittain which depicts difficulty and complaints looked by the creator. Toward the start of the novel, Vera plans to enter the Oxford University and wed Roland Leighton. Lamentably, the war starts and her sibling Edward and Roland are authorized. We will compose a custom article test on Three Guineas explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom exposition test on Three Guineas explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom exposition test on Three Guineas explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer During WWI, Vera fills in as a medical attendant in a Voluntary Aid Department. After the war, she comes back to Oxford yet encounter extraordinary passionate trouble brought about by war and passings of her sibling Edward and Roland. The two creators depict that on account of their own choice to dismiss soldiering, numerous World War I dissidents experience exceptionally severe conditions under military power. Various journals bear witness to the quality of direction that most dissenters exemplified considering such savage treatment and uncover the significant expense they paid for their stand. The two creators consider war to be a colossal shrewdness which ruins life and joy of their families and youngsters. The principle contrast among Woolf and Brittain is their ways to deal with against war developments and procedures used to restrict the war. Woolf guesses that ladies can enter universal framework taking a functioning part in open life and worldwide offices. Woolf portrays that women’s association can assist with forestalling war assuming a functioning job in global issues and legislative issues. Woolf (2003) composes â€Å"the primary qualification between us who are outside society and you who are inside society must be that though you will utilize the methods gave by your positionâ€leagues, meetings, crusades, extraordinary names, and all such open measures as your riches and political impact place inside your reachâ€we, staying outside, will explore not with open methods out in the open however with private methods in private†. Woolf express that ladies ought to be persuaded that the production of another arrangement of qualities about masculinity, one that consolidated the perfect of a peaceful New Man, comprised significant harmony work. They trusted that the future capacity of the state to indict war would be undermined by their troublesome voices and activities. As opposed to Woolf, Brittain communicates the possibility of clinical help of ladies during the war. Brittain works in a Voluntary Aid Department during the war and depicts her experience as: â€Å"I figured out how to remove endorsement from the greater part of the medical caretakers, †¦ I seized with ardentness upon all the undesirable undertakings of which they were very much happy to be mitigated, and took a masochistic take pleasure in discharging chamber pots, washing oily cups and spoons, and discarding odoriferous dressings in the sink-room† (Brittain 1989 p. 34).

How are women portrayed in The Millers Tale Essay

The Miller’s Tale was composed and is set in medieval England, when ladies had many less rights than men, and were pretty much simply possessed by their dads, and afterward by their spouses when they got hitched. seventeenth century United States in The Crucible has a marginally unique society yet additionally has the comparable male predominance. The Handmaid’s Tale is set in a tragic future where ladies are likewise vigorously ruled by men, yet in a totally unique way. This article is about the manners in which that ladies by and large are depicted and seen in these three stories, just as addressing the characters of the individual ladies in these stories. The Miller’s Tale is one of the accounts from the Canterbury Tales arrangement, all written in idyllic structure, by Geoffrey Chaucer. These stories in the arrangement are by and large by various explorers, who are likewise anecdotal, so this uses a story-inside a-story abstract gadget. Their stories are a piece of a challenge to engage each other on their journey from Southwark to Canterbury Cathedral. In The Miller’s Tale, it is the miller’s go to tell a story, and he recounts to the tale of a shrewd youthful understudy called Nicholas, who is pulled in to the a lot more youthful spouse of a woodworker, his neighbor, and plots a shrewdness intend to lay down with her. He does this by telling the diminish and straightforward woodworker that a flood is coming, and that he should attach a few tubs to the roof of his home for them three so as to protect them. While the craftsman is away grinding away on these requests, Nicholas takes the carpenter’s spouse Alison ground floor and figures out how to tempt her until she energetically engages in sexual relations with him. Alison from The Miller’s Tale is eighteen years of age, and portrayed as enthusiastic and profoundly alluring. Her unwaveringness in union with her better half is entirely faulty when she permits herself to be effectively taken in by this other man, her neighbor, and submits infidelity with him absent a lot of care for her own significant other. Close to the start of the Miller’s Tale, there is an unmistakable, physical portrayal of Alison, being an enthusiastic lady who should engage in extramarital relations. For she is â€Å"wilde and yonge†, implying that her conduct is somewhat uncontrolled, and her more established spouse is envious and possessive of her. The mill operator portrays her as having a â€Å"body gent and smal† as a weasel’s, implying that she has an appealing thin figure, and that recommends that she is likewise a shrewd character simply like a weasel. Alison is likewise vain and extremely worried about her appearance. She is narrow minded and thinks more about herself than of others, and she doesn't have a favorable opinion of the considerable number of men that take a solid getting a kick out of the chance to her. She has set up herself as a not in the least an agreeable character in this story. The way that she lays down with Nicholas directly in her own one of a kind conjugal home, while her own significant other is only upstairs grinding away at exactly the same time, must show how challenging she is, on the grounds that he could have effortlessly come first floor and catch them in the demonstration. However, it could likewise imply that she doesn't quite mind or care much about the carpenter’s sentiments or whether he realizes that she is being unfaithful to him or not. We feel some compassion toward the craftsman, who is being conned like this by two individuals, just as being undermined by his better half and bearing the dishonorable title of a â€Å"cuckold†. Alison is surely one to face challenges in return for her own narrow minded sexual wants, conflicting with the female generalizations of the time by being insubordinate and free-lively and as opposed to being steadfast and unobtrusive like a lady ought to be in her time. Alison from The Miller’s Tale is a ton like Abigail Williams from The Crucible. They are comparative ages, and are both egotistical and explicitly shameless ladies who both have unlawful sexual illicit relationships and conflict with cultural and moral principles that are anticipated from them for their very own benefit and joy. Additionally, neither Alison nor Abigail show any smidgen of regret for their wicked activities. Where Alison goes behind her but diminish husband’s back to lay down with her neighbor Nicholas, she is thus satisfying his wanting prurient arrangement. Sex outside of marriage was exceptionally off-base in her time, not to mention submitting infidelity. Alison may have quite recently hitched the woodworker for security, since he is depicted in the story as a â€Å"rich gnof†, however clearly can't control her extramarital sexual desires and is available to following up on them at whatever point the opportunity emerges. Multi year old Abigail sells out her situation as a house worker in the Proctor’s home by taking part in an extramarital entanglements with John Proctor while he is as yet hitched to his caring spouse Elizabeth, who happens to be sick at the time the undertaking happens. Notwithstanding, there is substantially more to Abigail than inclusions in infidelity, as this prompts her apparently beginning to look all starry eyed at and getting fixated on John Proctor. She says to him in Act One preceding the preliminaries: â€Å"I know how you grasped my back behind your home and perspired like a steed at whatever point I come near†¦ It’s she put me out, you can't imagine it were you. I saw your face when she put me out, and you adored me at that point and you do now†. Abigail has truly shaped a feeling that John is similarly as charmed by her and she is with him, despite the fact that he continually denies it and discloses to her she is talking a â€Å"wild thing†. So at the very beginning of the play, she is enchanting to murder Elizabeth so she can be off the beaten path for herself and John to be together, as she accepts that Elizabeth is the main individual in her method of having John. We can identify a little with Abigail, as we probably am aware she has had an upset past. She is a vagrant, who had viewed both her folks being violently killed by Indians one night quite a while back. She uncovers this in Act One, in the wake of requesting the young ladies to lie about their exercises in the forested areas, she violently takes steps to get them in the night, and in her own words says â€Å"you realize I can do it: I saw Indians crush my dear parents’ heads on the pad close to mine, and I have seen some ruddy work done around evening time, and I can make you wish you had never observed the sun go down! â€Å". This horrendous accident that was forced upon her at such a youthful age provides some clarification and understanding with respect to why her character appears to be somewhat insecure, and why she acts so ruthlessly towards others. Then again, we don’t truly know anything about Alison’s past, so we accept she is only a frightful guileful character and however her violations are not as critical as Abigail’s, we don't generally have the proof to feel as much compassion toward her conduct. In spite of the fact that I figure we can like Alison somewhat, as despite the fact that we denounce her conduct, the men in her story are not as excellent as John Proctor so perhaps her conduct doesn't appear to be so terrible. She even has the benefit of being secure in a marriage, dissimilar to Abigail who is an unmarried vagrant living with her uncle. The introduction of Abigail in The Crucible is fairly dim and terrifying, a genuine case of this being at the court scene, where she is purposely causing delirium by tossing around allegations of black magic, and in any event, going similar to claiming to be beguiled by Mary, and getting the various young ladies to pretend exactly the same thing and rehash Abigail’s definite serenades and activities.

nations of dreams :: essays research papers

I have a fantasy. These are the scandalous expressions of Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. on the day that he voiced his vision of America. It was his fantasy that was conceded for such huge numbers of ages that at last detonated in the Civil Rights Movement of the 50’s and 60’s. The start of this country was begun as a fantasy and on dreams it has developed. For without a dream, the individuals will ward. By the by, there have been dreams that have tumbled to the wayside of different dreams. These fantasies might be deserted, yet they have not been overlooked. To concede a fantasy, is to cause a blast of mass legitimacies. The American dream was first written down in what is consider today the ‘Declaration of Independence.’ The fantasy was that all men are made equivalent. Before this fantasy America was controlled by a chain of importance framework, that constables, dukes and lords administered not by decision of the individuals, but since they were naturally introduced to it. It was the fantasy that men reserved the privilege to Life, Liberty, and the quest for Happiness that from the outset rotted like a sore lastly detonated in the Revolutionary War. In Russia the fantasy of the turfs was to have food, attire, and safe house while the dictators lived in strongholds wearing ermine shrouds and velvet dress garments, eating banquets of swan, desserts and caviar. In their Communist Manifesto of 1848, Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels printed the fantasy of a communist framework. It was a fantasy that detonated 70 years after the fact. On March 8 of 1917 an extreme food deficiency cause revolts in Petrograd. The groups requested food and the progression down of Tsar. At the point when the soldiers were brought in to scatter the groups, they wouldn't shoot their weapons and participated in the revolting. From the littlest youngster to the most seasoned man, dreams are a necessary piece of us.

Competitive Forces and Strategic Issues in the Smartphone & Tablet Assignment

Serious Forces and Strategic Issues in the Smartphone and Tablet Industry. Apple Inc - Assignment Example As indicated by Utterback and Abernathy (1975) such a move in a company’s key center can be a significant test yet additionally have significant serious advantages. The test emerges for instance from the need of hierarchical rebuilding and procuring new capacities to empower an effective progress from items to forms. The significant advantages for this situation were that the change in vital move permitted the association to exploit the impacts of the mechanical discontinuities to the business. The development of the versatile Web and related innovations started another innovation cycle that moved the buyer hardware industry towards cell phones and tablets. These contraptions have merged capacities that recently required utilization of different gadgets, for example, cameras, music players, video players, PCs and phones into a solitary gadget. Industry lifecycle hypothesis has since quite a while ago proposed that enterprises develop through unmistakable stages and that each stage is related with various premise of rivalry at the firm level. In the conventional business lifecycle model the premise of serious system changes from item development to process improvement as the business advances (Utterback and Abernathy 1975). In any case, in the upgraded model, Cusumano et al. (2006) proposed administration as a significant segment of this move in technique as the business develops. ... The test emerges for instance from the need of authoritative rebuilding and obtaining new capacities to empower an effective progress from items to forms. The significant advantages for this situation were that the change in key move permitted the association to exploit the impacts of the innovative discontinuities to the business. The development of the portable Web and related advances started another innovation cycle that moved the customer hardware industry towards cell phones and tablets. These contraptions have merged capacities that recently required utilization of different gadgets, for example, cameras, music players, video players, PCs and phones into a solitary gadget. Industry lifecycle hypothesis has since quite a while ago proposed that enterprises advance through particular stages and that each stage is related with various premise of rivalry at the firm level. In the conventional business lifecycle model the premise of serious technique changes from item development t o process improvement as the business advances (Utterback and Abernathy 1975). Nonetheless, in the improved model, Cusumano et al. (2006) proposed administration as a significant part of this move in technique as the business develops. This conversation utilizes the upgraded model, appeared in Appendix An, along with Porter’s five powers to give an inside and out investigation of the serious powers and key issues molding the cell phone and tablet industry from 2011 onwards. The three significant powers that will shape the eventual fate of this industry are danger of contestants, purchaser force and industry competition. 1.1. The more vulnerable powers 1.1.1. Intensity of providers This is most likely the most vulnerable serious power in this industry. The cell phone and tablet industry is overwhelmed by five organizations

How to Write an Executive Summary For Research Paper

How to Write an Executive Summary For Research PaperIf you want to know how to write an executive summary for a research paper, then this article is for you. Research papers are the ones that are quite popular today. This is because they help people in assessing their knowledge and gathering their future career prospects. There are plenty of people who love to take the time to write and read on about their achievements.But it's not all about writing about your research paper. You also need to make sure that you have a powerful writing skill and have developed some kind of an outline or a plot to follow as you move through the writing process. Writing an executive summary is really the first step in the writing process.One great idea is to simply look for some of the examples out there. You can easily find them on the internet. Or you can do some more research on the Internet about how to write an executive summary for a research paper and how you can effectively use an outline to gui de you through the writing process.An outline is just one of the many tools available for the writers out there. It is also known as the master plan of how the writer wants to structure his research paper.The outline is a story line or a series of events that describe the main ideas of the work. And the outline must be complete enough to tell the reader what is going to happen.Writing an executive summary is easy and all you need to do is follow the outlines that are usually provided by the various writers. And most of the time, you can even ask the author to share her or his outline in writing. This is a great idea if you want to get in touch with the writer. By having an outline in writing, you can be assured that you won't forget about what you need to do when you are writing your research paper. There are no other worries that will make you lose focus on your writing process.It's a fact that the writer must be organized and well prepared to write a good research paper. There are a lot of writers out there that don't realize how important it is to write an executive summary for a research paper. So it's better if you will give it a try and see how it feels like to have an outline as the master plan.

Freelancers vs. Employees What Is Best for Your Startup

Freelancers vs. Employees What Is Best for Your Startup © Shutterstock.com | Roman SamborskyiIn this article, you will learn about 1) what people requirements startups have, 2) a comparison of hiring freelancers and employees including the implications, and 3) an argument which option is the best fit for your startup.INTRODUCTIONYou’re working to get your startup off the ground. You and your business partners have everything set up but you’re reaching that stage where it is time to grow. You can’t do it alone but you don’t yet have the budget to lure top minds away from the key players in your industry. The only way forward is to be smart with your money and make the most of your budget so you can get the right people without going broke.The first question you’ll ask is what kind of workers you can hire. You need people to help you accomplish what you need without breaking the bank. To answer this question, you’ll need to decide between two types of workers: employees and freelancers.Hiring either type of worker comes with ad vantages or disadvantages but the decision should always come down to the needs of your company.Here is a quick guide for directing your HR team towards the right type of candidate.STARTUP REQUIREMENTS FOR HUMAN RESOURCESThe startup phase of your business requires a lot of agility. You need to be flexible and quick when you’re making decisions and striving towards milestones. It is essential to be able to move from discovery to validation quickly and to be able to pivot back again just as quickly.All of this needs to be reflected in the kind of people you hire. Thus, your HR practices should look like this:Your HR practices must be flexible.Flexibility in hiring and firing is key here. You need to be able to bring people on and let them go without jumping through a long series of flaming hoops. You need contracts that can onboard people without difficulty and that won’t result in long legal battles if you need to reevaluate and let them go.You also need flexibility in staffing p eople on different tasks and projects. Depending on your business, you will need people on your team who are good at more than just one thing. You’re not yet at a stage where you can afford to hire specialists to do a single job. Thus, it’s better to look for generalist people. By looking for someone who can multi-task across multiple projects or roles, you save HR costs because you won’t have to hire several people.Your flexibility also needs to extend to your key employees. To avoid huge staff shake ups, key employees need to be retained by all means. In HR terms, you need to be willing to give them what they need to keep them around. The things you need to keep employees around will vary by employee. You need to be flexible to be able to offer them what they need, not what you think they need.People must be affordable in a total package.When hiring people, always keep in mind that you have to look at total HR costs. Its not only the salary, HR costs include social security, insurance, days off, IT and equipment and indirect costs such as communication costs as well.As your liquidity is tight and you might not yet generate a sufficient cash-flow, your goal is to minimize HR costs. That means you have to find the employee that offers the best deal in terms of his total HR costs compared to the skill-set he brings to the company.Basically,   finding the complete package is the best way to keep your overhead low without eating into your productivity.Work done by people must be effective.Your HR practices need to look at more than just costs and overhead. Its important to  find people who have sufficient knowledge, the appropriate skills and an attitude that is in line with your startup’s vision.COMPARISON OF FREELANCER VS. EMPLOYEE IN A STARTUPNow that you have a better idea of how you need HR to operate, you can better assess what kind of workers you need. Here is a quick breakdown of how freelancers and employees stack up according to your startup’s HR requirements:FlexibilityIn terms of flexibility in hiring and firing, freelancers win. They are faster to hire and easier to fire. You don’t have to worry about the paperwork that comes along with an employee and most of the time, you don’t want to wait for a cooling off period if they’re coming from another position. Freelancers are also more flexible in terms of start dates and won’t take on jobs that they can’t start in the immediate future.Freelancers are also easier to fire. However, that does not mean you can cut them loose without paying their bills. The best freelancers will have cancellation clauses in their contracts that protect them from clients who want to ditch them too quickly.On the other hand, employees will be less flexible to hire, depending on country-specific regulations. You’ll need to go through HR due diligence, because they’re around for a longer period of time. Hence, you’ll generally perform background checks on them. Plus, you’ll nee d to make sure that they are available to be your employee. Then, there is the paperwork, the negotiations and all of the other things that go along with hiring an employee.Employees are also difficult to dismiss. You need to have a valid reason to getting rid of them and even if you do, you might still pay a benefits package to them when they leave.Flexibility also varies in staffing people on different tasks and projects. The freelancers you hire would primarily be specialists in their field and because they’re freelancers, you’ll only be able to assign them tasks that you hired them for.Employees are more flexible on the job. Because they’re employees, you can move them from project to project and assign them tasks outside of their traditional roles without issue. This is useful both when you’re busy or when you’re slow because you can best use your employees’ time without needing to renegotiate their contracts. Essentially, their flexibility helps you justify their s alary.AffordabilityFreelancers are often located in a different geographical area than your startup which means you often face high communication costs. Early communication might be slow and bringing them into the office will usually be on your dime. On the other hand, they wont require office space.Freelancers are also more expensive per hour because they charge a flexibility premium and because they have some very unique specialist skills that are valuable on the market. Remember that they are also covering the expenses of a small business so they have overhead to take care of after they receive their salary. Basically, they’re paying IT, taxes and healthcare costs so you don’t have to.Freelancers are more expensive in the long run but can be more affordable if you’re working on a fast-paced, short-term project. Although you’ll pay a premium, you stop paying once the project is over.Employees are often more affordable in the long run because the employees build up a knowle dge base and network connections within the company. Their flexibility is important here because you can use them in other ways when you’re facing some down time in the office. You can also train them to be leaders which increases their value to the company.However, the separation costs may be high if an employee isn’t performing well. If you have to fire an employee that has been around for a longer time, you will give up on the skills that you trained him, which means you will basically lose your investment.EffectivenessFreelancers and employees have a similar level of general knowledge. However, their working standards vary significantly.In some industries or functions that are in high demand, such as data science or IT, you may only be able to hire freelancers. These freelancers will have honed their skills elsewhere and become experts in their field, which is why they demand higher fees. To succeed as a freelancer and command those fees, you need to be exceptional at what y ou do. This premise is valuable when your startup needs something done fast but still done well.However, freelancers often work project based. This is essential for their profession and for their status as freelancers. If they work only with one client or take on too much work from a single client, their status as freelancers starts to become murky. The more time and responsibility they have with one client, the more likely they are to be mistaken for employee. This limits their personal mobility and makes their life difficult with tax agencies.Employees are generally more effective over the long term. Because they have greater ties to your company, they are likely to invest more of themselves in your company. It makes sense for them to do so because your success and their success are directly related. Thus, an employee will go out of their way to learn more about the company’s structure, processes and goals. They are then more likely to perform in a way that is geared towards you r company. Employees will have the company in mind when making decisions rather than having tunnel vision on what is best for the project and themselves.You can  watch a discussion of the implications of hiring a freelancer vs employee for your startup. SHOULD STARTUPS WORK WITH FREELANCER OR FULL TIME EMPLOYEE?The answer to this question depends on the startup phase, business function and the unique situation that your startup is in. Even if one sounds better than the other initially, you still need to explore both avenues depending on what your startup needs now, in the near future and in the long run.Start making your decision based on the startup phase you’re currently in.If you’re in the seed phase, you need a lot of flexibility with your staff. You need to be able to pivot at a moment’s notice. You also need to be able to downsize when necessary. Generally, it’s a better idea to have a higher number of freelancers on board alongside a small number of employees who are directing the ship.If you are entering your growth phase, you’re a bit more settled and you don’t require so much flexibility. You also need people who are going to help you grow as a business rather than just completing tasks or projects. During this period, its better to have a high employee ratio. Keep freelancers around primarily to work on very specific tasks.Now, think about your business functions and the role that you are hiring for.Certain core functions require less flexibility and you need to have the team working within your vision. This is especially true for core functions where you need to be working together as a unit, rather than individually. Some of these core functions include: product development, technology development, sales, marketing and HR.Support functions that are not critical for validating key assumptions early in your business are more flexible. They can be outsourced to a freelancer without undermining the goals and direction of the business. Acco unting and payroll are two of the functions that can easily be sent out to freelancers. IT, basic design or programming and any roles that work on one specific function within the business are also suitable candidates for these roles.CONCLUSIONThe choice between a freelancer and an employee depends on your individual business. The best way to make this choice is to dial into what your needs are rather than what your budget allows. Instead of putting a price on your staff, think about who will help drive your company forward and work your way down from there. Consider the stage of your business and the requirements of the role and the mystery will be resolved quickly.

The Wise Words of Ursula K. Le Guin

The Wise Words of Ursula K. Le Guin The literary world lost one of its giants recently. Ursula K. Le Guin  was an American Novelist (her preferred title), and her influence extended far beyond the science fiction/fantasy realm that she was so at home in. In her 88 years, she wrote more words than I can begin to count. Here are a few of the most memorable. From  The Left Hand of Darkness   If civilization has an opposite, it is war. Of these two things, you have either one, or the other. Not both. One voice speaking truth is a greater force than fleets and armies. The artist deals with what cannot be said in words. The artist whose medium is fiction does this  in words. The novelist says in words what cannot be said in words. Darkness is only in the mortal eye, that thinks it sees, but sees not. From  Planet of Exile   Men who fight wars in winter dont live till spring. The Dispossessed Those who build walls are their own prisoners. Revolution is our obligation: our hope of evolution. You cannot buy the revolution. You cannot make the revolution. You can only be the revolution. It is in your spirit, or it is nowhere. From  The Wizard of Earthsea   The hunger of a dragon is slow to wake, but hard to sate. From  The Telling Most civilizations, perhaps, look shinier in general terms and from several light-years away. From  The Lathe of Heaven “There have been great societies that did not use the wheel, but there have been no societies that did not tell stories.” The end justifies the means. But what if there never is an end? All we have is means. Morality is an utterly meaningless term unless defined as the good one does to others, the fulfilling of ones function in the sociopolitical whole. From The Eye of the Heron They had learned that the act of violence is the act of weakness, and that the spirits strength lies in holding fast to the truth. Violence gains nothing, killing wins nothingâ€"only sometimes nothing is what people want. Death is what they want. And they get it. From The Wave in the Mind: Talks Essays on the Writer, the Reader, the Imagination People who deny the existence of dragons are often eaten by dragons. From within. The Language of the Night: Essays on Fantasy and Science Fiction Nobody who says, I told you so has ever been, or will ever be, a hero. From Interviews To leave the reader free to decide what your work means, thats the real art; it makes the work inexhaustible. â€"The Guardian, December 17, 2005 Vive les différences!  Theyre what gives each genre its singular flavor and savor, its particular interest for the readerâ€"and the writer. â€"Electric Lit, August 7, 2014 The book itself is a curious artifact, not showy in its technology but complex and extremely efficient: a really neat little device, compact, often very pleasant to look at and handle, that can last decades, even centuries. It doesnt have to be plugged in, activated, or performed by a machine; all it needs is light, a human eye, and a human mind. It is not one of a kind, and it is not ephemeral. It lasts. It is reliable. If a book told you something when you were fifteen, it will tell it to you again when youre fifty, though you may understand it so differently that it seems youre reading a whole new book. â€"Staying Awake: Notes on the alleged decline of reading,  Harpers Magazine, February 2008 Sign up to Swords Spaceships to  receive news and recommendations from the world of science fiction and fantasy.